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| Economic Restructuring Under
the ANC |
When the ANC came to power in
1994 it instituted policies of affirmative action that saw a rapid increase in
the number of high-earning blacks, particularly in Johannesburg. This created
ostentatious wealth for a few but did not help the mass of ill-educated poor.
Affirmative Action also created feelings among minorities that
they were being discriminated against and that 'standards' would fall as
inexperienced and often less qualified people were preferred on the basis of
colour. Such perceptions hardened race attitudes and encouraged emigration,
which saw large numbers of white professionals leave the country.
Under apartheid the civil service was white dominated, and
budgets were focused upon providing services in 'white' areas.
The ANC shifted spending to create service provision in poor
areas. Thus there had to be cutbacks and 'freezes', especially in established
hospitals and schools. This lowered morale and caused many white employees to
leave the government service. In the late 1990s there was vocal concern about
the 'decline in services', leading to accusations and counter accusations of
'racism'.
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